Oversight | non intrusive library for observing method calls

Often I work on Spring Boot Java applications (built with Gradle or Maven) that make network calls to external services (e.g. to external REST-like APIs). When running automated (JUnit) tests, I do not want these calls to happen, even by accident. Calling a real endpoint (even a "dev" environment one designed for testing) could affect external state, cause needless server workload, or unintentionally reveal information to the endpoint. It might also cause the test to inadvertently depend on that external resource being up, leading to build failures if the resource ever goes down while building the project, or when building the project offline.

What should typically happen with these calls is that they should either be mocked out to do nothing or should point to a service on the same machine (e.g. a WireMock endpoint on localhost spun up by the test, or a local Docker container spun up by the test using Testcontainers).

What I tend to in these situations is create a test-specific bean definition profile that overrides all HTTP endpoints with something obviously bogus that is guaranteed not to route somewhere, e.g. http://example.invalid/bookSearch. That way, if a developer misses mocking out or changing the endpoint in a test, it won't call a real one and trigger real side effects.

However, this approach is potentially error prone, and oversights in the implementation or with future changes could cause network calls to still be made. Examples include:

1. A new endpoint could be added by a developer without remembering to or knowing that they needed to override the test route
2. An endpoint could be missed being overridden in the first place
3. A third party library could be making a request that the developer didn't know about or wasn't accounted for

This is mostly a concern with Spring integration tests that spin up some or all of the environment (e.g. using @SpringBootTest or @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)). However, this could conceivably apply to a unit test if a component used something as a non-required constructor argument that connected to the network, or if a developer passed in a real network-connecting component where they should have used a mock or something connecting to localhost.

It occurs to me that there might be a more bullet-proof solution to this scenario. For instance, perhaps there is a way to tell the JVM or its underlying HTTP/FTP/etc. libraries to block all external network traffic.

Is there a way to prevent nonlocal network access in Java Spring Boot JUnit tests, or otherwise provide a guarantee that external network endpoints will not be called?

I am trying to make a C string calculator. This means that I have a string with numbers and a delimiter in the middle. the delimiter can be of any size as long as it isn't a number. Also, if the value of a specific number is between 1001 and 1111 it cannot be used and will be ignored (set to zero). The difficulty of this assignment is to make the delimiting/splitting string part without strtok. I am getting all sorts of wrong outputs and I have no idea what I am doing wrong, yet I feel like I am oversighting something or doing something incredibly stupid. The code also freezes my unit tests, so I cant even test what is going wrong.

Disclaimer: I'm a bit of a newbie so this may very well be just a stupid oversight of mine (although, I suppose that would make this issue easier to solve)

When I run the following code:

A quick disclaimer: I'm a bit of a newbie, so this issue might be just me not seeing the obvious, but basically when I run

As I was reading the CouchDB documentation I found it weird that views needed compaction while mango indexes did not. Are they not essentially the same thing and subject to the same requirement of cleaning out unused or old entries? It seems like an oversight to me.

I suppose I just need some clarification on how the index trees are different between them.

Thanks!

mypy 0.812 allows the following useful type hint:

Rails beginner here: I have played around with Chosen and saw some posts that Select2 is the better option. However regardless of which one I am trying to use, I always run into the same error.

I have one of them in the Gemfile and run bundle install, and the gem is then present (I can run bundle info on it).

I then try to include the JS into app/javascript/packs/application.js like so:

I have a local testing application mimicking the host test.mywebsite.com on port 4200.

It makes a call to api.test.mywebsite.com (also locally hosted) to /login

The request passes, the server returns 200 and some information, and along with it it sets this header which I see in the response headers:

I'm attempting to spawn all available prefabs into a grid to view them easier. Basically as a tool to pick and choose various building parts to make custom buildings (specficially using SyntyStudios packages if that info helps)

I'm able to grab all the assets I want and make an array, that isn't the issue. When I try and step through each object in the array and spawn them into their "grid position" my code is spawning the same object at each position, before moving to the next object.

This is my code as it stands: