s2 | Small and fast CMS | Content Management System library

You could use vapply to do this (assuming you want a vector of integers):

We could match either a regex lookaround to match the lower case letters ((?<=[a-z])) followed by either one or more space, comma ([, ]+) followed by any / and digits (\\d+) and other characters (.*) or (|) one or more digits and other characters and replace with blank ("")

Here are some techniques.

You don't need subject there. Question asks Max mark per student, regardless of subject:

Here:

By using fixnan()

https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-reference/v4/#fun_fixnan

The sum of 1..n equals (n*(n+1))/2

In pseudocode:

1. String s = "abc"; → one object, that goes into the string pool, as the literal "abc" is used;
2. s = ""; → one empty string ("") object, and again - allocated in the string pool;
3. String s2 = new String("mno"); → another object created with an explicit new keyword, and note, that it actually involves yet another literal object (again - created in the string pool) - "mno"; overall, two objects here;
4. s2 = "pqr"; → yet another object, being stored into the string pool.

So, there are 5 objects in total; 4 in the string pool (a.k.a. "intern pool"), and one in the ordinary heap.

Remember, that anytime you use "string literal", JVM first checks whether the same string object (according to String::equals..()) exists in the string pool, and it then does one of the following:

1. If corresponding string does not exist, JVM creates a string object and puts it in the string pool. That string object is a candidate to be reused, by JVM, anytime equal to it (again, according to String::equals(..)) string literal is referenced (without explicit new);
2. If corresponding string exists, its reference is just being returned, without creating anything new.

There are several problems in your code. First of all, the {dir} in your output and {dir} in your input are two different variables. Actually the {dir} in the output is a wildcard, while the {dir} in the input is a parameter for the expand function (moreover, you even forgot to call this function, and that is the second problem).

The third problem is that the shell section shall contain only a single command. You may try mv {input.fastq1} {output.fastq1}; mv {input.fastq2} {output.fastq2}, but this is not an idiomatic solution. Much better would be to create a rule that produces a single file, letting Snakemake to do the rest of the work.

Finally the S value fully depend on the DIR value, so it becomes a function of {dir}, and that can be solved with a lambda in input: