hypothesis | A Python toolkit for inference | Machine Learning library

 by   montefiore-ai Python Version: Current License: BSD-3-Clause

kandi X-RAY | hypothesis Summary

kandi X-RAY | hypothesis Summary

hypothesis is a Python library typically used in Institutions, Learning, Education, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning applications. hypothesis has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has build file available, it has a Permissive License and it has low support. You can download it from GitHub.

A Python toolkit for (likelihood-free) inference and the mechanization of the scientific method.
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            kandi-support Support

              hypothesis has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 41 star(s) with 4 fork(s). There are 5 watchers for this library.
              OutlinedDot
              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              There are 0 open issues and 1 have been closed. There are no pull requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of hypothesis is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              hypothesis has 0 bugs and 0 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              hypothesis has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
              hypothesis code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              hypothesis is licensed under the BSD-3-Clause License. This license is Permissive.
              Permissive licenses have the least restrictions, and you can use them in most projects.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              hypothesis releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Build file is available. You can build the component from source.
              Installation instructions are not available. Examples and code snippets are available.

            Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA

            kandi has reviewed hypothesis and discovered the below as its top functions. This is intended to give you an instant insight into hypothesis implemented functionality, and help decide if they suit your requirements.
            • Plot the trace of the chain
            • Plot a matplotlib plot
            • Compute the mean of the samples
            • Return the standard deviation of the data
            • Fit the model
            • Get the state of the estimator
            • Build the module body
            • Builds the transition matrix
            • Parse arguments
            • Return a procedure for the given extension
            • Throws a thin
            • Compute the loss
            • Forward loss function
            • Sample from the chain
            • Create a trainer for the given criterion
            • Sample from the hypothesis
            • Merge input files together
            • Calculate the integrated autocorrelations
            • Return a procedure corresponding to the given extension
            • Allocates an output transform
            • Performs a single step
            • Plot the autocorrelation plot
            • Perform a single step
            • Builds the layer body
            • Log - likelihood function
            • Simulate the model
            Get all kandi verified functions for this library.

            hypothesis Key Features

            No Key Features are available at this moment for hypothesis.

            hypothesis Examples and Code Snippets

            No Code Snippets are available at this moment for hypothesis.

            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            PIP failed to build package cytoolz
            Asked 2022-Mar-26 at 18:26

            I'm trying to install eth-brownie using 'pipx install eth-brownie' but I get an error saying

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-02 at 09:59

            I used pip install eth-brownie and it worked fine, I didnt need to downgrade. Im new to this maybe I could be wrong but it worked fine with me.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69875694

            QUESTION

            Creating Coq tactic: how to use a newly generated name?
            Asked 2022-Mar-11 at 19:23

            I want to create a Coq tactic that looks something like the following. I assert a proposition named H, I prove that proposition, and then I use simpl within that proposition. The tactic would look something like this:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-11 at 19:23

            You can use the fresh tactic for this. Here is an example:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71443387

            QUESTION

            Brownie testing for reverted transactions does not work with pytest.raises() or brownie.reverts()
            Asked 2022-Feb-19 at 19:52

            Issue description: Brownie tests containing either

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-19 at 19:52

            This is fixed in Brownie v1.18.1. However, you will need to install Python 3.9.10 in order to get the latest brownie. For this to work in a virtual environment you can't use venv. Here is a process that works for me:

            • install virtualenv on your standard Python version
            • download python 3.9.10 and install it without "add to path" into a dedicated directory e.g. $home/pythonversions
            • in your project directory create a virtual environment like so

            python -m virtualenv -p=""

            • start your virtual environment e.g. home>..venv\Scripts\activate.ps1

            • test if your python version is the desired one with python --version

            • Now install Cython to avoid another error.

            • Install nodeenv in order to install ganage

            • Activate with nodeenv -p (for this step you will need PowerShell with admin rights)

            • Install ganache with npm

            • Install eth-brownie with pip check if you got the latest version with

            brownie --version

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71126128

            QUESTION

            asyncprofiler malloc undefined category
            Asked 2022-Jan-29 at 08:03

            I have set up and using https://github.com/jvm-profiling-tools/async-profiler which is extremely useful but I have a strange thing I cannot explain.

            My setup is exactly where multiple presentation showed it can help:

            • AKS kubernetes cluster with a nodepool

            • A pod deployed on one node

            • Within the container I have set up openjdk-11 with the debuginfo

            • The profiling setup is a simple ./profiler start -e malloc PID

            • Since I'm in a virtualised environment profiling works, the only warning I get is

              ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-28 at 01:02

            Container environment is not related here.

            It seems like libc (where malloc implementation resides) on your system is compiled without frame pointers. So the standard stack walking mechanism in the kernel is unable to find a parent of malloc frame.

            I've recently implemented an alternative stack walking algorithm that relies on DWARF unwinding information. New version has not been yet released, but you may try to build it from sources. Or, for your convenience, I prepared the new build here: async-profiler-2.6-dwarf-linux-x64.tar.gz

            Then add --cstack dwarf option, and all malloc stack traces should be in place.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70860682

            QUESTION

            False positive vs. false negative trade off plot
            Asked 2022-Jan-25 at 03:48

            I'm working on a decision making analysis where I'm trying to illustrate the trade off between false positive (false go) vs. false negative (false no-go) using R. I have created a density plot with null and alternative hypothesis curves, but would like to further illustrate the relationship via the example plots like these. Would appreciate the help in creating plots like example 1 and 2, especially example 1. Thank you!

            Density plot

            Example 1

            Example 2

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-25 at 00:16

            It looks like your sticking point is figuring out how to access the values of the density curve at a given value of x or y.

            You can use ggplot_build() to access the underlying data.frame constructed by the geom_density function. Here is some further discussion.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70841834

            QUESTION

            R Function 'box::help()' Cannot Generate Help File: "Invalid Argument"
            Asked 2021-Dec-30 at 16:38
            Motivation

            My colleagues and I routinely create ad hoc scripts in R, to perform ETL on proprietary data and generate automated reports for clients. I am attempting to standardize our approach, for the sake of consistency, modularity, and reusability.

            In particular, I want to consolidate our most commonly used functions in a central directory, and to access them as if they were functions from a proprietary R package. However, I am quite raw as an R developer, and my teammates are even less experienced in R development. As such, the development of a formal package is unfeasible for the moment.

            Approach

            Fortunately, the box package, by Stack Overflow's very own Konrad Rudolph, provides (among other modularity) an accessible approach to approximate the behavior of an R package. Unlike the rigorous development process outlined by the RStudio team, box requires only that one create a regular .R file, in a meaningful location, with roxygen2 documentation (#') and explicit @exports:

            Writing modules

            The module bio/seq, which we have used in the previous section, is implemented in the file bio/seq.r. The file seq.r is, by and large, a normal R source file, which happens to live in a directory named bio.

            In fact, there are only three things worth mentioning:

            1. Documentation. Functions in the module file can be documented using ‘roxygen2’ syntax. It works the same as for packages. The ‘box’ package parses the
              documentation and makes it available via box::help. Displaying module help requires that ‘roxygen2’ is installed.

            2. Export declarations. Similar to packages, modules explicitly need to declare which names they export; they do this using the annotation comment #' @export in front of the name. Again, this works similarly to ‘roxygen2’ (but does not require having that package installed).

            At the moment, I am tinkering around with a particular module, as "imported" into a script. While the "import" itself works seamlessly, I cannot seem to access the documentation for my functions.

            Code

            I am experimenting with box on a Lenovo ThinkPad running Windows 10 Enterprise. I have created a script, aptly titled Script.R, whose location serves as my working directory. My module exists in the relative subdirectory ./Resources/Modules as the humble file time.R, reproduced here:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jul-30 at 23:42

            As noted, that’s a bug, now fixed.

            But since we’re here, a word on usage:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68583772

            QUESTION

            How can I proove forall a b, a <=? b = true -> a <=? S b = true in Coq
            Asked 2021-Dec-29 at 10:31

            Is it possible to prove this forall (a b : nat), a <=? b = true -> a <=? S b = true. in Coq?

            I tried this so far

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-28 at 16:45

            You could try not to use induction, but transitivity of the <= relation instead.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70508866

            QUESTION

            Test 80,000+ simulated normal distribution observation sets against a null hypothesis
            Asked 2021-Dec-19 at 02:37

            I need to generate a random sample of size 200 (n=200) from a normal distribution with variance 1 and true mu (average) I specify; then, I test the draw against a hypothesis: mu <= 1. I need to do this for each of 400 potential true thetas, and for each true theta I need to replicate this 200 times.

            I already did this for n=1, but I realize my approach is not replicable. For each 400 thetas, I ran the following:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-19 at 02:37

            You can generate all 200*200*400 = 16 million random values in a numpy array (which consumes ~122 megabytes of memory; check with draws.nbytes/1024/1024), and use SciPy to run a one-sided, one-sample t-test on each of the 200 samples of 200 observations for each value of theta:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70407917

            QUESTION

            How to use a for loop over negative (and positive) values in R?
            Asked 2021-Dec-18 at 00:06

            I am trying to use a for-loop over a range of positive and negative values and then plot the results. However, I'm having trouble getting R not to plot the correct values, since the negative values seem to screw up the index.

            More precisely, the code I am running is:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-17 at 23:22

            Yep, as you suspected the negative indices are causing problems. R doesn't know how to store something as the "negative first" object in a vector, so it just drops them. Instead, try using seq_along to produce a vector of all positive indices and looping over those instead:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70399591

            QUESTION

            BradleyTerry2 package in R - Using null hypothesis as reference player
            Asked 2021-Dec-14 at 18:58

            I am using the BradleyTerry2 package in R to analyse my data. When using the BTm function to calculate ability scores, the first item in the dataset is removed as a reference, given a score of 0 and then other ability scores are calculated relative to this reference.

            Is there a way to use a null hypothesis as a reference, rather than using the first item in the dataset?

            This is the code I am using. The "ID" field is player id. This code calculates an ability score for each "Matchup," relative to the first matchup in the dataset.

            BTv1 <- BTm(player1=winner,player2=loser,id="ID",formula=~Matchup+(1|ID),data=btmdata)

            I am trying to test against the null hypothesis that matchup has no effect on match outcomes, but currently I don't know what ability score corresponds to the null hypothesis. I would like to use this null hypothesis as a reference, rather than using the first matchup in the dataset.

            For those wanting to reproduce my results, you can find my files on my university onedrive.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-14 at 18:58

            You can test the significance of terms in the model for ability using the anova function, i.e.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69892656

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install hypothesis

            You can download it from GitHub.
            You can use hypothesis like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.

            Support

            For any new features, suggestions and bugs create an issue on GitHub. If you have any questions check and ask questions on community page Stack Overflow .
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            gh repo clone montefiore-ai/hypothesis

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            git@github.com:montefiore-ai/hypothesis.git

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