kmd | An interpreter framework

Linux kernel code that uses 64-bit division should use the functions provided by #include . Otherwise, when building for 32-bit architectures, GCC will attempt to use functions from libgcc which is not used by the kernel.

For example, the div_u64 function divides a 64-bit unsigned dividend by a 32-bit unsigned divisor and returns a 64-bit unsigned quotient. The KMD code referenced by OP contains this function:

the Symbol Doesn't Exist in 1909 so that symbol must be a new addition to 20H2
anyway the string in question does exist in 1909

the Failure is supposedly propagated after IoQueryFullDriverPath() and GetFileVersion()
the int3 is Hardcoded after the DebugPrintEx()
the function in question ADAPTER_RENDER::Initialize() is doing a lot of comparisons with hardcoded DWORDS like 'QCOM' etc

First, for better performance, you should avoid to open/write/close in a file in foreach loop.

One way, is to simply replace _A with _1 etc

Editing a hardcoded string in a script is bad practice. Use a parameter instead, or even better, get the string from the textfile directly in that script:

Change your cmd.bat to:

The question is why would you want to do it? Generally if you have to rely on some mechanism like this, you need to revisit the design of the application/driver that you are writing.

The correct way to do something in context of your user mode application is exactly what you described. You can do a DeviceIoControl call to your driver and the driver validates all the parameters that you have passed, then carries out the operation on behalf of the user mode call.

If for some reason, you need to call into kernel directly, you will have to resort to undocumented methods. There are ways to hook into kernel dispatch table and overwrite one of the dispatch handler to redirect the call to your function. But I hope you never ever ship anything like this to your customer. This is good for learning how the dispatch table works, etc but introduces several security nightmares. Ultimately your software should not be responsible for someone's machine getting hacked.

The email id only appears in the ids for the AccountScreen. Any id appearing in a kv gets inserted into the ids of the widget that is the root of the rule that contains the id. So, you must access the AccountScreen instance to get to the email id:

As Nicol said, the details will be implementation and barrier-specific. But the general principles are similar.

GPUs are pipelined processors, which means that each command goes through several stages of execution. Stages run concurrenly, both within and between draw calls. For example, fragment processing for draw command N might be executing at the same time as vertex processing for draw command N+1. A barrier command prevents work for later commands from starting to executing any stages in a dstStageMask before previous commands have finished executing all stages in a srcStageMask. In addition to this execution barrier, pipeline barriers can also include a memory barrier, which ensures that the memory accesses done by the earlier commands are properly ordered with the memory accesses of the later commands.

So none of this has to do with reordering, it only has to do with the fact that new commands start before previous commands finish, and sometimes you need to prevent that from happening. The most obvious example is render-to-texture: you want all of writes to the texture to finish before any of the reads from the texture occur. Without a pipeline barrier, nothing prevents those from overlapping.

Generally GPUs will have an (internal) command that "signals" some marker after previous commands have all passed the point where the command executes, and another command that "waits" for some marker to become signaled before allowing any subsequent work to proceed. The marker might simply be a memory location (signal: write a specific value, wait: spin until the location contains a specific value). Or it might be a special-purpose on-chip resource of some kind. A barrier would then just be a signal command followed by a wait command. This creates a "bubble" in the pipeline where parts of the GPU are sitting idle. To minimize this, some GPUs will be able to signal and wait at multiple points in the pipeline. It's common to be able to signal after color writes have completed, and wait before rasterization, for example, allowing vertex work for draw N+1 to happen while fragment work for draw N is happening, but stall the N+1 fragment work. The srcStageMask and dstStageMask allow implementations to know precisely what the dependencies are, but most can't actually take advantage of that fine of granularity and will create a coarser conservative bubble.

Memory barriers correspond to cache clean (write dirty lines to memory) and cache invalidate (remove cached data) operations. "Visibility" means cleaning a local cache, writing data back to memory, so that any later read from memory will see the new values. "Availability" means invalidating a local cache, so that any new reads will miss in the cache (instead of seeing old data) and fetch from memory. GPUs typically have special commands for these specific operations targetting different local caches (e.g. texture cache, depth/stencil cache, and others).

So in the render to texture case, you'd insert a pipeline barrier between the texture-rendering commands and any commands that read from the texture. The driver would generate a GPU a command (or commands) that wait for previous commands to finish executing the blend stage, then clean the color-attachment cache, then signal some marker. Then it would generate GPU commands to wait for the marker to be signaled and invalidate the texture cache before allowing any future draw calls to start fragment shading.

As I said earlier, the actual commands the GPU provides might be much coarser than this, e.g. it might be "wait for all previous draw commands to entirely complete, then clean and invalidate all caches that don't have automatic coherency, and then allow subsequent draw commands to begin vertex fetch and vertex shading."

it's only create a variable, e.g. "advancedShow", and enclosed all the inputs in a ng-container with an "if"