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There's no reason to think that the same code should be able to handle all of these situations, as the function of the word "and" is very different in each case. In Pattern 1, it is connecting two independent clauses. In Pattern 2, it is creating a compound subject. In Pattern 3, it is coordinating verb phrases.

I would caution you that if your ultimate aim is to 'split' all sentences that contain the word 'and' (or any other coordinating conjunction) in this way, you have a very challenging job ahead of you. Coordinating conjunctions function in many different ways in English. There are many common patterns different from those you list here, such as nonconstituent coordination ("Bill went to Chicago on Wednesday and New York on Thursday", which you'd presumably want to turn into ["Bill went to Chicago on Wednesday", "Bill went to New York on Thursday"]) -- note the subtle but critical difference from "Bill went to Chicago and New York on Thursday", which would need to become ["Bill went to Chicago on Thursday", "Bill went to New York on Thursday"]; coordinated verbs ("Mary saw and heard him walk up the steps"), among others. And of course more than two constituents can be coordinated ("Sarah, John, and Marcia..."), and many patterns can all be combined in the same sentence.

English is complicated and handling this would be a huge job, even for a linguist with a strong command of what is going on syntactically in all the cases to be covered. Even just characterizing how English coordinations behave is tough, as this paper that considers just a handful of patterns illustrates. If you consider that your code would have to handle real-world sentences with multiple 'and's doing different things (e.g., "Autonomous cars shift insurance liability and moral responsibility toward manufacturers, and it doesn't look like this will change anytime soon"), the complexity of the task becomes clearer.

That said, if you are only interested in handling the most common and simple cases, you might be able to make at least some headway by processing the results of a constituency parser like the one built into NLTK, or a SpaCy plugin like benepar. That at least would clearly show you what elements of the sentence are being coordinated by the conjunction.

I don't know what your ultimate task is so I can't say this with confidence, but I'm skeptical that the gains you get by preprocessing in this way will be worth the effort. You might consider stepping back and thinking about the ultimate task you are trying to achieve, and researching (and/or asking StackOverflow) whether there are any preprocessing steps that are known to generally improve performance.