puppetlabs-stdlib | Puppet Labs Standard Library module | Configuration Management library

Usually, you don't need any stage if you have correct classes/resources dependencies.

From the "Run stages" documentation:

CAUTION: Due to these limitations, use stages with the simplest of classes, and only when absolutely necessary. A valid use case is mass dependencies like package repositories.

In your case, if you really want stages, you should add include stdlib::stages1 or explicitly add stage like stage { 'setup': }

The docs for this module are mediocre at best, but after looking through the code to find what class actually declares Package[bind9], I worked my way backward and eventually discovered this easy-to-overlook item in the "classes" section of the docs:

bind

This class must be declared before using the definitions in this module.

You are using the defined types, but you have not declared the bind class. Correct that by putting this in your profile class:

If your goal is just to have docker installed on the VM, the easiest is to let vagrant install it. Vagrant has docker provisioner and if not installed it will try to install

This simple Vagrantfile