TerrainMap | Convert 2D Map to 3D Terrain with WebGL | Map library

Is there any difference in the performance of these approaches?

Perhaps, perhaps not; as commenters suggest - profile to check, or look at the assemby code you get (e.g. using the GodBolt Compiler Explorer). But you're asking the wrong question, for two main reasons:

1. You should probably not be passing lambda's, nor bind() results, around in the part of your code that's performance-critical.
2. You should definitely avoid invoking arbitrary functions via function pointer or std::function variables in performance-critical areas of your code (except if this can be de-virtualized and inlined by the compiler).

and one mind reason:

1. Lambdas (and std::bind()'s) are usable, and useful, without being wrapped in std::function; this wrapper has its own performance penalty, so you would only be comparing one way of using these constructs.

Bottom line recommendation: Just use Lambdas. They're cleaner, easier to understand, cheaper to compile, and more flexible syntactically. So don't worry and be happy :-) . And in performance-critical code, either use Lambda's without std::function, or don't use any of the two.