Contiguity | Tool for visualising assemblies | Genomics library
kandi X-RAY | Contiguity Summary
kandi X-RAY | Contiguity Summary
Tool for visualising assemblies.
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Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
- Clear the view
- Clears all contigs
- Draws the edges to the canvas
- Draw the contigs
- Find the edges in the fasta file
- Returns True if abort is available
- Return a list of paths to endnmer
- Get the db edges for each contig
- Shrink down the canvas
- Create a thread to run the REFFile thread
- Duplicates the contig
- Duplicate the contig
- Check if the workflow file exists
- Reverse the contig
- Show the contig
- Move the subject to the contig
- Check if self - match is found
- Finds the paths to each path in the genome
- Get the long edge of the contig
- Create a fasta file
- Check for sanity checks
- Runs self self
- Stretch the canvas
- Adds the contig to the canvas
- Load assembly graph
- Select all contigs
Contiguity Key Features
Contiguity Examples and Code Snippets
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on Contiguity
QUESTION
In the K&R book, chapter 8, it is explained how malloc() creates a list of blocks in the free memory, each pointing to the next one (roughly speaking), that don't need to be contiguous. On the other hand, everybody claims that malloc() allocates memory in a contiguous way, I see pointer arithmetic massively used, and similar quetsions are on this website. But, always without any official source.
I read the C reference and found no mention about the contiguity, and the best that I found was on the Linux and Windows man pages where they ensure this property on their systems.
Therefore: does malloc() offer contiguous memory (e.g. making then pointer arithmetic legal) just on canonical modern system, or is it a rule governed by the > C89 standard, which I naively overlooked? Please, provide an official reference. Thank you.
Ps: this is not just a theoretical question. I am writing some code for an old DOS system, and I need to be sure about the proper usage of malloc.
EDIT: I understand my mistake now, thanks. That said, I still don't manage to find an official resource where it is clearly stated that a single malloc() call returns contiguous memory (Why isn't this information simply included below the function description, in the standard library...?) For instance, no trace here (https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/memory/malloc).
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-27 at 11:16The quote means that if you will call malloc several times then it is not necessary that the allocated blocks are adjacent.
But in each call of malloc it allocates a single extent of memory of adjacent bytes. If it can not do that it returns a null pointer.
From the C Standard (7.22.3 Memory management functions)
1 The order and contiguity of storage allocated by successive calls to the aligned_alloc, calloc, malloc, and realloc functions is unspecified. The pointer returned if the allocation succeeds is suitably aligned so that it may be assigned to a pointer to any type of object with a fundamental alignment requirement and then used to access such an object or an array of such objects in the space allocated (until the space is explicitly deallocated)...
QUESTION
I need to issue job IDs that are both concurrent and as contiguous as possible, ideally in a fairly seamless and lightweight manner. I'm using SQLAlchemy and Postgresql.
ContiguousI only want the issued ID to be considered taken if the job was successful and the ID persisted in the newly written DB row. This way there will be no gaps in the issued IDs in the DB. If the DB transaction fails during the job, I want that ID to be freed up for the next job. If the first ID to be issued is 1 and the first 5 jobs all fail, I want the 6th job attempt to be issued the ID 1, not 6.
ConcurrentI could take max(ID) + 1
for the next ID, but this doesn't work for concurrent requests, since all concurrent jobs will take the same number.
I understand that contiguousness is not guaranteed. If 5 jobs are launched simultaneously, each taking the IDs 1-5, and only #5 survives, I'll just have #5 persisted. That's OK. I have low concurrency and a large number of job failures and without attempting contiguity, I'd have gaping holes in the sequences. Requests are not often concurrent, so the likelihood of a gap is low. The result will be at most an occasional small gap.
Ideas- I could write a service that issues IDs to concurrent jobs, but it would need a way to know if the client job has failed in order to free up the ID. It's also a single point of failure and too much additional engineering for this.
- I was thinking of having each job put
max(ID) + 1
in a temporary table in the DB in such a way that other jobs could see the uncommitted change. If the transaction fails, the new ID also falls off with it. In this sense, all jobs would actually pickmax(ID of completed jobs, uncommitted IDs in the temp table) + 1
. If the new ID commits, I no longer need it anyway and can delete it from the temp table. It's an awkward pattern and not sure how I would do it. - I could do the above but commit the IDs in progress instead and delete them on successful job completion. The table would thus represent "in process" IDs. Without a way to delete those IDs for failed transactions though, I'd need some kind of periodic pruning to delete "abandoned" IDs based on age or some less than ideal heuristic.
- I could do the above and include a PID in the table. A periodic process would delete rows where the PID is no longer valid, but that solution won't scale to a distributed setup and I'd prefer not to have a polling process active all the time for the system to function.
- Or maybe use a DB session ID instead of PID? At least that's distributable and I could catch invalid DB sessions more quickly and easily? But my application may need admin privileges to check if DB session IDs are valid.
- The ideal solution for me is #3 + if there were a way in SQLAlchemy to run some DB code only when a transaction fails. I assume all failures will appear as an exception in Python, so maybe some kind of global
except()
block, but it might get messy trying to separate DB transaction failures from other Python exceptions that I don't want to catch globally. It would be better if I could register some cleanup code with SQLAlchemy to run whenever a transaction fails, which would delete the issued ID. - Something similar but on the DB, like a trigger on transaction failure.
- I could issue a UUID as the job number and upon successful transaction commit, map the UUID to
max(ID) + 1
at that point, but I'm not sure if it's concurrent and it would be tedious because the ID is stamped on a bunch of files created during the job, so I'd have to go around renaming everything on disk. - Leverage Postgresql Sequences somehow? But they don't seem to care about contiguity.
Is there any nifty approach to this? If not, I'm leaning towards #3 because of its simplicity.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-15 at 14:04I was hoping there would be a SQLAlchemy or Postgres hook that would get called when a transaction ends nominally or abnormally, but the after_transaction_end event unfortunately doesn't fire if the application crashes.
The solution that worked for me was a variation of #6, but with a context manager instead of a global finally()
block. The key insight was that Python calls __exit__
reliably, both during nominal operation and after a crash, without having to catch exceptions globally. The only missing piece was when I force stop the Python debugger, but for this PyCharm can be configured to kill processes softly, which will call __exit__
.
My solution is as follows:
- Create an active jobs table with a PK/unique constraint on the job id
- For the new job id, pick max(existing, active jobs)
- Commit the new job id in the active jobs table. If two concurrent jobs had picked the same job id, insert will fail here for the second one because it would violate the unique constraint, thus ensuring concurrency
- Make the data class a context manager, where
__exit__
deletes its job id from the active jobs table - Use the data class in a
with
clause - Configure PyCharm to kill processes softly so that a debugger kill will still clean up the active jobs table
I find this to be more elegant than exception handling and quite robust.
QUESTION
I'm trying to implement an algorithm that from six 2-D matrices of X,Y,Z points store them in a 3D matrix of X,Y,Z points in such a manner that their connectivity is preserved. An example will clarify the problem.
I've to represent with three 3-D matrices
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-18 at 10:36So If I get it right you got 6x 2D matrices of 3D points representing 6 surfaces of some shape (that connects together) in any flip/mirror/order state between each-other and want to construct single 3D matrix with empty interior (for example point (0,0,0)
and its surface will contain the 6 surfaces reordered reoriented so their edges match.
As you always have 6 3D surfaces with 2D topology your 3D topology can be fixed which simplifies things alot.
define 3D topology
It can be any I decided to use this one:
QUESTION
JavaScript is far from a familiar language to me. I have a piece of logic I am trying to optimise for speed. It consists in finding the argmax, row and columns index, of the a 2d array (rectangular shaped). At the moment, I have a naïve implementation
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Nov-03 at 14:48Based on the comments in the question, the only minimal optimizations i can think are to cache the length of the arrays to avoid accessing them in each iteration, and the same for the maxValue used for the comparisons.
QUESTION
This is a continuation of another question I have asked before (Dataframe add element from a column based on values contiguity from another columns), I got the solution if I use a pandas DataFrame
, but not if I have 2 lists, and here is where I am stuck.
I have 2 lists:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jul-31 at 13:00I would use numpy.cumsum
to get a running sum of the starting index for the next series of sums. Then you can zip that index list against itself offset by 1 to determine the slice to sum for each iteration.
QUESTION
I am currently working on the implementation of a multidimensional array iterator. Considering the iteration over two contiguous ranges (for std::equal, std::copy purposes) that represent compatible data with different alignements (row vs col major in 2D), I would like to find the stride order for each iterator giving the fastest execution time.
For example:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jun-16 at 20:48No. Your question is based on bad assumptions.
Some of the bad assumptions (there might be others):
- The function is used as it is: The compiler might inline it in many places or decide you are better-off having it in a separate function because the code size improves. Since you can get slightly different behavior by the surrounding code you might see different performance.
- There is a cost for an instructions: Processors run instructions out of order in many cases or they parallelize instructions. Something that might take a long time like a division might be hidden if it's surrounded by other memory access and gets it's costs amortized.
- Performance is independent of the processor. The compiler doesn't know which specific processor you're going to run on, how big the caches or the cache lines are, how fast the main memory is or how good/bad branch prediction will be. All these have a huge impact on performance.
What you can do is profile and measure. Profile the application using this function and see if you actually need to fix it. Measure the performance you're getting and experiment with the different options.
QUESTION
I've encountered what appears to be an anomaly in how ListChangeListener
handles batch removals (i.e. removeAll(Collection)
. If the items in the Collection
are contiguous then the handling operation specified in the listener works fine. However, if the Collection
are not contiguous then the operation specified in the listener halts once contiguity is broken.
This can best be explained by way of example. Assume the ObservableList
consists of the following items:
- "red"
- "orange"
- "yellow"
- "green"
- "blue"
Assume also that there is a separate ObservableList
that tracks the hashCode
values for the colors, and that a ListChangeListener
has been added that removes the hashCode
from the second list whenever one or more of the items in the first list is removed. If the 'removal' Collection
consists of "red", "orange" and "yellow" then the code in the listener removes the hashCodes
for all three items from the second list as expected. However, if the 'removal' Collection
consists of "red", "orange" and "green", then the code in the listener stops after removing the hashCode
for "orange" and never reaches "green" like it should.
A short app that illustrates the problem is set out below. The listener code is in a method named buildListChangeListener()
that returns a listener that is added to the 'Colors' list. To run the app it helps to know that:
- 'consecutive' in the
ComboBox
specifies three colors that are contiguous as explained above; clicking the 'Remove' button will cause them to be removed from the 'Colors' list and theirhashCodes
from the other list. - 'broken' specifies three colors that are not contiguous, so that clicking the 'Remove' button removes only one of the colors
- clicking 'Refresh' restores both lists to their original state
Here's the code for the app:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Apr-02 at 22:59From the documentation of ListChangeListener.Change
:
Represents a report of changes done to an
ObservableList
. The change may consist of one or more actual changes and must be iterated by calling thenext()
method [emphasis added].
In your implementation of ListChangeListener
you have:
QUESTION
Given the following polygon, which is divided into sub-polygons as depicted below [left], I would like to create n
number of contiguous, equally sized groups of sub-polygons [right, where n=6
]. There is no regular pattern to the sub-polygons, though they are guaranteed to be contiguous and without holes.
This is not splitting a polygon into equal shapes, it is grouping its sub-polygons into equal, contiguous groups. The initial polygon may not have a number of sub-polygons divisible by n
, and in these cases non-equally sized groups are ok. The only data I have is n
, the number of groups to create, and the coordinates of the sub-polygons and their outer shell (generated through a clipping library).
My current algorithm is as follows:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Mar-22 at 21:58I think you can just follow the procedure:
- Take some contiguous group of sub-polygons lying on the perimeter of the current polygon (if the number of polygons on the perimeter is less than the target size of the group, just take all of them and take whatever more you need from the next perimeter, and repeat until you reach your target group size).
- Remove this group and consider the new polygon that consists of the remaining sub-polygons.
- Repeat until remaining polygon is empty.
Implementation is up to you but this method should ensure that all formed groups are contiguous and that the remaining polygon formed at step 2 is contiguous.
EDIT:
Never mind, user58697 raises a good point, a counterexample to the algorithm above would be a polygon in the shape of an 8, where one sub-polygon bridges two other polygons.
QUESTION
As per this answer:
std::vector of std::vectors contiguity
A vector of vectors is not contiguous. EASTL claims that their vector is contgiuous (see: https://github.com/electronicarts/EASTL/blob/master/include/EASTL/vector.h it). Does this contiguity apply to a vector of vectors?
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Feb-20 at 01:27What they mean is that the memory allocated by their vectors will be contiguous. Any memory allocated by the contained elements are not a part of this.
So yes, their vectors are contiguous. And no, that does not apply to all the contained elements as a group.
QUESTION
I would like to create a map showing the bi-variate spatial correlation between two variables. This could be done either by doing a LISA map of bivariate Moran's I spatial correlation or using the L index proposed by Lee (2001).
The bi-variate Moran's I is not implemented in the spdep
library, but the L index is, so here is what I've tried without success using the L index. A answer showing a solution based on Moran's I would also be very welcomed !
As you can see from the reproducible example below, I've manged so far to calculate the local L indexes. What I would like to do is to estimate the pseudo p-values and create a map of the results like those maps we use in LISA spatial clusters with high-high, high-low, ..., low-low.
In this example, the goal is to create a map with bi-variate Lisa association between black and white population. The map should be created in ggplot2
, showing the clusters:
- High-presence of black and High-presence of white people
- High-presence of black and Low-presence of white people
- Low-presence of black and High-presence of white people
- Low-presence of black and Low-presence oh white people
ANSWER
Answered 2017-Jul-24 at 13:22What about this?
I'm using the regular Moran's I instead of that Lee Index you suggest. But I think the underlying reasoning is pretty much the same.
As you may see bellow -- the results produced this way look very much alike those comming from GeoDA
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Install Contiguity
You can use Contiguity like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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