modulus | Automatically compile kernel modules for Flatcar Linux | GPU library
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kandi X-RAY | modulus Summary
Automatically compile kernel modules for Flatcar Linux.
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QUESTION
I am making another python script to perform linear congruential generator to generate 55 pseudo-random number but having trouble understanding the algorithm of linear congruential generator and how does my scripts work even though the script is simple for me to write.
Based on the python script, why is the output is changing in every loop? Is the python script correct for the linear congruential generator?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-24 at 02:15The output is changing on every iteration due to the seed variable being updated, your using the seed from the previous iteration to change the seed of the next iteration.
seed = (a * seed + c) % m
On the first iteration your seed is 5, so
(3 * 5 + 3) % 19
gives 18. On the second iteration
(3 * 18 + 3) % 19
gives 0, because 3*18 + 3 is 57 and 57 modulus m which is 19 is 0. and so the loop continues, with each previous seed impacting the next.
QUESTION
The pow() function in python3 provide the values for exponents.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-09 at 16:29From the documentation;
If mod is present and exp is negative, base must be relatively prime to mod. In that case,
pow(inv_base, -exp, mod)
is returned, whereinv_base
is an inverse tobase
modulo mod.
QUESTION
I have a list of i.e. users, which all have an identifier that is a GUID. I want to separate the users in two pools randomly for performing an A/B test. If I can do an odd/even on the identifier, it will enable me to do that.
How do I do a odd/even check on a GUID in a String property, in SWIFT?
Is the modulus two done on the hash and how do I do that?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-07 at 09:37Mod 2 applies on numbers only so yes, by taking hash of UUID
/GUID
and then applying the mod function should be enough:
QUESTION
I installed OpenSSL 1.1.1 on windows https://kb.firedaemon.com/support/solutions/articles/4000121705#Download-OpenSSL
I got crt file and I have PrivKey.pem created and I try to generate p12
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-06 at 13:42I download and install OpenSSL 1.1.1 for Linux and it works without any issue
QUESTION
I have a 498-frames-long image sequence for which I calculated optical flow using cv2.calcOpticalFlowFarneback. Therefore now I have 497 vector maps representing my motion vectors, and these vector are described by magnitude and direction.
What I need to do is to generate a histogram where on the x-axis I have angle ranges in degrees. More specifically, I have 12 bins where the first bin contains all the vectors with direction 0 < angle < 30
, the second one 30 < angle < 60
and so on. On the y-axis, instead, I need to have the sum of the modulus of those vectors contained in each bin.
The problem here is that doing all of this using simple for
loops and if
statements takes ages:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-01 at 01:10Conditionals are slow. You should avoid them as much as possible. Also Numpy vectorization and Numba JIT help to speed up such a code by a large margin. Here is an untested example:
QUESTION
The bottleneck of my code is the repeated calling of pow(base,exponent,modulus) for very large integers (numpy does not support such large integers, about 100 to 256 bits). However, my exponent and modulus is always the same. Could I somehow utilize this to speed the computation up with a custom function? I tried to define a function as seen below (function below is for general modulus and exponent).
However, even if I hardcode every operation without the while-loop and if-statements for a fixed exponent and modulus, it is slower than pow.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-23 at 21:54Looking at the wiki page. Doesn't seem like your implementation is correct. Moving the those two statements out of else have improved the performance significantly.
This is what I have from Wikipedia
QUESTION
When compiling these two snippets with gcc and maximum optimization (GCC 11.1.0, gcc -std=c11 -O3
), I expected to obtain the exact same executable, since the %2
and &1
operations are equivalent. After disassembling with objdump
, though, the two object files differed. The output is shown below.
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-30 at 13:31val % 2
may have negative value if val
is negative. val & 1
will only have a positive value (or zero). So those operations are not identical - thus different compiled code.
QUESTION
Hello I am trying to capture a specific part of a text. I have tried different patterns but without any luck. I have tried different answers for similar questions but also without any luck. After struggling for awhile I wanted to ask it. I am not sure if it is possible at all and I am trying this in java...
So what I am trying to get is any url for the caIssuers
within the AuthorityInfoAccess
in this case that would be http://cacerts.digicert.com/DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.crt
however the value is dynamic.
The raw text is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-25 at 12:50You might use a capture group
QUESTION
I hope someone can explain to me where I have made a mistake. I always thought that when I export a certificate with a private key and import it again, the private key is stable and does not change. Especially across computers.
Now I have been proven wrong and I don't understand it.
Given a certificate Z. Which contains a private key pk. I import this certificate onto a computer C1 and onto a computer C2.
I get the parameters of the private key on both.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-18 at 16:37Basically, the D
value doesn't matter, and you're seeing a consequence of that.
"Did you just say the D
value doesn't matter? Isn't RSA based on m == modpow(modpow(m, e, n), d, n)
?"
Yep, and yep. But the Chinese Remainder Theorem provides for a more efficient implementation for modpow(m, d, n)
, so no one really bothers with D
.
The other thing that's going on, is that when an RSA private key is imported you have a couple of choices: 1) verify that n == (p * q) and the d/dp/dq/qInv make sense given n/e/p/q, fail if they don't, 2) import the key on faith, deal with consequences of inconsistency ("garbage in, garbage out"), 3) do (1) but fix any incorrect data.
OK, so we have the premise of why the values might change (strategy (3)), but why are they actually changing?
Because there are at least two different common answers for D
. ("Isn't D unique?" no. "Didn't you say D doesn't matter?" OK, so it matters in computing the CRT parameters, then it stops mattering.)
The original RSA paper defined D as the modular multiplicative inverse of e modulo the Euler totient function of N. The usual symbol for the Euler totient function is the Greek letter phi. Many smart people later, the statement got changed to D being the modular multiplicative inverse of e modulo the Carmichael function of N. The usual symbol for the Carmichael function is the Greek letter lambda.
The difference is sort of a squares-vs-rectangles thing. All D-phi values work for RSA, because e * D-phi === 1 (mod lambda(N))
. Since all D-lambda values also work for RSA, but don't adhere to e * D-lambda === 1 (mod phi(N))
, the formula got rewritten.
OK, there's the background, so what's happening?
- Windows CAPI (powers RSACryptoServiceProvider on Windows, RSA.Create() on .NET Framework) generates keys using lambda, but preserves the D value across import/export.
- OpenSSL (powers RSA classes on Linux) generates keys using phi, but preserves the D value across import/export.
- Windows CNG (powers RSACng on Windows, RSA.Create() on .NET5/.NET Core on Windows) generates keys using phi, but discards D on import and recomputes it from N/E/P/Q for export.
- (There's some nuance here... I feel like CNG changed to maybe preserve the D value around Windows 10 20H1.)
- I don't remember what Android does (probably OpenSSL behaviors), or what macOS does.
So, my guess is that C1 and C2 are running on different OSes (or different versions of the same OS).
https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/commit/700a07cae19fe64649c2fb4c6c10e6b9aa85dc29 shows how we dealt with it in the test suite for .NET. For application code, my recommendation is to just trust the systems.
QUESTION
I'm not sure how this issue is happening, the key that I'm attempting to pass to the CSP was originally a Base64Encoded string which I've tried passing in using ImportSubjectInfoKey() as well. Each time when debugging I have exported the parameters and I am able to get my public key back as a Base64 string so as far as I know it's a valid key. However once it hits the VerifyData method it breaks with a Bad Key exception. While debugging, I did notice that rsa1.CspKeyContainerInfo was mentioning an error "Exportable: {key does not exist}". Is this where my issue is coming from? I've included the public key below as an XML string if anyone can see an issue.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-17 at 16:15The posted code fails because VerifySignature()
doesn't expect the raw data but the hashed data, see also this example from the documentation.
With the following change:
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