caltech | Some of scripts I used for solving problems | Learning library
kandi X-RAY | caltech Summary
kandi X-RAY | caltech Summary
Some of the scripts I used for solving the problems in the Caltech Machine Learning course: Not all present and not all correct.
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QUESTION
I'm trying to create my first map using ggrepel, but as you can see I've instead created a dumpster fire of overlapping labels. Most of the locations I'm mapping and labelling are clustered in the northeast, so the labels overlap. How do I get some of the labels to slide over beyond the map boundaries (in the ocean, so to speak)? Here's the code I used to create this monster:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-31 at 15:59With a little data manipulation, you could move the labels out to either side of the country an draw segments to connect the labels to the universities:
QUESTION
I am trying to access a dataset from python available here
In the API documentation, there is no information on how to sign in using username and password via script. Upon manually entering the API URL into a browser
https://ev.caltech.edu/api/v1/sessions/caltech/ts
I have to manually enter the username: DEMO_TOKEN
and password:
and click on sign in to get the JSON response from the server.
How do I programmatically do that in python?
Below is my snippet which doesn't work
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-24 at 11:55Works for me, when I do this:
QUESTION
I'm reviewing and experimenting with outlier flagging strategies, and keep running into references to Sn and Qn from Rousseeuw and Croux in Alternatives to the Median Absolute Deviation.
http://web.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/fmasci/home/astro_refs/BetterThanMAD.pdf
They sound quite excellent, and seem to be widely used in academic and applied stats across disciplines. I checked Google Scholar, and that paper has over 2,100 citations.
The appealing feature of this technique is that it isn't heavily impacted by asymmetric distributions. Which is what we've got, most of the time. Sometimes quite extremely.
This is of course available in R, but I'm not a stats person, we don't have server-side access to R (or Python), and would like to do some searches directly in Postgres. I haven't been able to find anything in any SQL idiom, and am hoping that some stats lover out there has some Postgres code up their sleeve.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-15 at 05:16Now I know why people do this sort of work in R: Because R is fantastic for this kind of work. If anyone comes across this in the future, go get R. It's a compact, easy-to-use, easy-to-learn language with a great IDE.
If you've got a Postgres server where you can install PL/R, so much the better. PL/R is written to use the DBI
and RPostgreSQL
R packages to connect with Postgres. Meaning, you should be able to develop your code in RStudio, and then add the bits of wrapping required to make it run in PL/R within your Postgres server.
For outliers, I'm happy with univOutl
(Univariate Outliers) so far, which provides 10 common, and less common, methods, including the Rousseeuw and Croux techniques.
QUESTION
Like the Title says, I am trying to read an online data file that is in .tbl format. Here is the link to the data: https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/COSMOS/tables/morphology/cosmos_morph_cassata_1.1.tbl
I tried the following code
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 06:50Your file has four header rows and different delimiters in header (|
) and data (whitespace). You can read the data by using skiprows
argument of read_table
.
QUESTION
I´ve been building a bot and it works exactly as intended, but only for one Tweet. Then, it waits 60 seconds, and, if it doesn´t find a new Tweet to reply to (since it´s configured to reply to the most recent Tweet), it throws an error (it´s 400 as in "400: Bad Authentication Data", but I think the issue is not that, since the bot posts on Twitter once without any issues. However, I do think it´s possibly some kind of Bad Request error). Whenever it crashes, I can just run in my command "python (botname).py" and it works once if there is now a new Tweet, but then, it crashes again. I want the bot to run properly by itself, so I would really appreciate some help! This is the code in my file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-09 at 22:18A 400 HTTP error status code usually means Bad Request, which is likely the case here. When there's not a new Tweet to reply to, the for
loop isn't entered, and check_mentions
, the function itself, is returned. You then set it as since_id
when its returned and use it as an ID the next time check_mentions
is called. This probably ends up passing something like ""
to the API as since_id
.
QUESTION
I am a beginner at Twitter Development and Python programming in general, but recently I have been trying to build a bot that, when tagged in reply to a Tweet, finds keywords and uses Google to deliver some info from reliable sources regarding the topic of the original Tweet. However, I have encountered one major problem while programming: API
doesn't get created since the code triggers the error "only unicode objects are escapable". I have used module Config to set my Twitter API credentials as environmental variables and that seems to work fine on its own. Before trying to run the bot, I activate my virtual environment and export the env variables, so I do not think this issue has to do with incorrectly setting those variables, but I would not say I am certain about that either!
The code goes this way:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-20 at 01:23One or more of your credentials is None
when it's used to initialize the instance of API
.
It's very likely that when you're retrieving your environment variables with os.getenv
, one or more of them is not found because there isn't an environment variable with that name/key.
QUESTION
I wanted to let the user make a choice, like the example below:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-17 at 15:05You can make a function that takes the user input and converts it to the actual name you need as such;
QUESTION
My strings look like the following (each row is one exemplrary string):
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-23 at 11:08Since your expected matches can only have one nested parentheses level, you can use
QUESTION
I have a sbml model from Reactome, you can download it from https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-156581 and clicking sbml. For the , some of it have attribute of
, and I'm trying to use libsbml or cobrapy for doing that.
My code read the sbml file, but how to get the attribute for ?
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jan-22 at 05:25The libsbml API is designed to directly mimic the structure of SBML itself. So, once you have the model, you get the reactions from the model, and once you have a reaction, you get the reaction's modifiers:
QUESTION
I am reading about exception support in C++, probably the result applies to other languages as well.
https://wiki.osdev.org/C%2B%2B_Exception_Support
http://www.ucw.cz/~hubicka/papers/abi/node25.html
There is lots of stuff going on, I am a bit overwhelmed. My question is during the unwinding process, does C++ require help from kernel (e.g. setjmp/longjmp as mentioned in comments, these two functions don't involve kernel, however my question remains the same)? Or the entire process happen only in user space?
I could understand the unwinding of a local thread (think setjmp/longjmp) but is unable to grab how unwinding is done for remote thread.
If all the unwinding magic happens in user space, how can one thread modifies another faulty thread to send it over to handling code without kernel help? Since I believe the thread context information (task struct) lives inside kernel and disallows modification directly from user space, without access to thread context, how is it achieved? Thank you!
Update: It looks like I have some fundamental misunderstanding about the task struct. Just bumped into a slide about signal handling (signal handlers) (http://users.cms.caltech.edu/~donnie/cs124/lectures/CS124Lec15.pdf), upon entering a signal handler, the kernel stack is empty, all context information lives on user stack. I suppose one can use signal to communicate with other faulty thread to unwind? If that's the case, does it mean C++ exception support requires kernel help since generating signal is a kernel call?
Update: As far as the question goes, I am satisfied by Paul's answer. I would like to summarize my understanding on the topic in a broader sense, based on my reading on the comment/answer, please correct me if I am wrong.
C++ exception framework sdoesn't specify particular implementation method, below summary is what I would think it's "common".
There are three sources of exception object, the resulting unwinding is implemented as below:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Oct-28 at 09:50No.
AFAIK this is all implemented in the C++ runtime library (for GCC this would be libgcc_s.so, at least on Linux). This requires code to walk the stack to look for catch blocks and some machine code to jump into such blocks if found. As already mentioned, setjmp/longjmp also do not require the kernel.
Update: don't mix up C++ exceptions and signals. If you'd like to see more of how C++ exceptions work a good start (if you an comfortable with reading assembler) would be to use godbolt to look at the generated assembler for some simple functions that throw and catch exceptions. Beware that Floating Point Exceptions (FPE) really are signals.
One difference between C++ exceptions and both setjmp/longjmp + signals is
the control flow. The latter two implement 'resumption semantics' with a kind of 'call' (where context gets saved) and 'return' (where the context is restored). C++ exceptions on the other hand implement 'termination semantics ' and have no way of returning to the site of the throw
.
Signals fall into 2 categories: synchronous signals get delivered immediately (like SIGBUS) and asynchronous ones that get delivered on the next scheduler time slice (like SIGINT). Both cases pass via the kernel. There's no real difference from a user perspective.
threads do not mix well with anything else that does stack manipulation (setjmp/longjmp and signals). In particular multithreaded applications can
receive asynchronous signals on any thread. To make this easier to manage,
it is common practice to use pthread_sigmask
to block all signals on
all threads except for one, which will be the signal handling thread.
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