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QUESTION
I'm rather new to ansible and would like to deploy prometheus-grok-exporter (via ansible-grok-exporter role) with a specific configuration for all my nodes that run the cacti application.
My inventory is like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-02 at 14:51You can't use this kind of for loop in a variables file or a playbook - it only works in template files. To acheive what you're after, you can use product filters, as described https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_filters.html#products
In your example, you would have:
QUESTION
When I try to connect to an EC2 in a private network through a bastion server I get this message:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-29 at 22:51There is likely no user on the remote system called 'username'. Make sure both systems have the same username and public key.
QUESTION
I'm trying to access Neptune cluster status
endpoint from an SSH tunnel. I can hit it without issue on my bastion host, but when doing via ssh tunnel, I get:
https://localhost:8182/status
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-25 at 06:52When using SSH tunnel for accessing Neptune using localhost, one need to explicitly pass Neptune endpoint as host header for signing the request. Consider below example for awscurl:
QUESTION
I am new to google cloud. I am trying to minimize the roles of Service accounts to improve security. The role assigned to my SA is of Compute Viewer, but the recommendation shows that these are excessive roles and are not used from 90 days.
But when I opened Metrics Explorer it shows that SA has authentication events of every date till now. Now, I am confused if SA is being authenticated, which role it is using as the only role (Computer Viewer) is not used from 90 days.
The SA is of bastion host.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-24 at 18:26The warning means that the service account has permissions that have not been used. The message does not mean that the "service account" has not been used.
Tip: A Bastion Host should not have any permissions except for logging (Stackdriver Logging and Stackdriver Monitoring).
QUESTION
In a GCP project, I have 10 virtual machines in GCE (runs sshd).
I have a need to run a script on each of the 10 virtual machines (in GCE) once an hour. I would like this to be centralized because number of VMs will grow over time and I do not want to have to do this on every single VM. In addition, I would want to analyze the data I get back in a central place.
However, I do not want to use a bastion VM, because I would like a cloud-native solution that does not require maintaining yet another virtual machine.
Which GCP service can do this?
I have looked into Cloud Run and Cloud Composer. I was not able to do this with Cloud Run, although that may be my own lack of familiarity with the product. Cloud Composer seems like a overkill.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-21 at 17:00As @JohnHanley mentioned, you will need to write code or scripts to launch commands on VMs dynamically because GCP doesn't have the type of service you require.
You may want to consider Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) as it can be used for building your solution:
IAP helps to protect SSH access to your VMs without needing to provide your VMs with public IP addresses, and without having to set up bastion hosts.
For instance, you can check the enable IAP on Compute Engine guide.
You can also create a feature request for Google to consider implementing this solution.
QUESTION
I have a problem with implementing Ansible nested reference YAML variable file.
Example of user dictionary file variable:
User dictionary file variable,
...dev_infra_bastion_0_example_com
is node FQDN name
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-18 at 19:25There is two to three things wrong in your playbook.
Do not use a
debug
andregister
if you want to register a variable, use the appropriateset_fact
module
QUESTION
I used the AWS Console to set up a Cloud Watch alarm that will send my team a slack notification and reboot the affected EC2 instance, when the EC2 instance fails a StatusCheck fails.
Here's what the actions look like in the AWS console:
Now I want to write a terraform module that will set this up for me. Here is what I have so far:
cloudwatch_metric_alarm/main.tf
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-05 at 20:44First, your var.alarm_actions
is already a list, so adding brackets around it like [var.alarm_actions]
is going to create a list of lists, which is going to cause errors. You just need to pass it directly to the resource like:
QUESTION
AWS recommends using private subnets for private resources.
Use private subnets for your instances if they should not be accessed directly from the internet. Use a bastion host or NAT gateway for internet access from an instance in a private subnet.
However, I want to understand the rationale on how is this better on putting the resource, lets say an EC2 instance on a public subnet. Then add some very strict security group to prevent public access. How is this the less secure approach? Or is it technically the same outcome security wise?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-21 at 22:47I've never heard of a security group failing, so if you properly configure your security group with a restricted list of IP addresses/ports, you should be secure.
BUT
In a typical cloud-deployed application, you do not have or want strictly-controlled access. Instead, the typical cloud-deployed application is a web-app that exposes port 80 to the world.
And once you expose any port to the world, your security is entirely dependent on what is listening to that port. Do you have a vulnerability in your web-server? You've now given your attacker the ability to access resources inside your network. If your server has AWS access keys, then the attacker has them as well.
The goal of putting your servers in a private subnet, with a load balancer in front of them, is to reduce your attack surface. It's presumably less likely that attackers will be able to find an exploit in an ALB (versus Apache, nginx, or whatever you're using), and presumably more likely that AWS will be able to mitigate any such exploit faster than you can (because they don't need to wait for patches to become available from an external maintainer).
Of course, the code you wrote could have an exploit that's triggered from a standard HTTP(S) request. However, even in this case, you can reduce blast radius by controlling what your application can access. An instance with a public IP can access anything on the Internet unless you strictly control the egress rules in its security group. In a private subnet, it can only access stuff within the VPC.
So, ultimately, it's a matter of simplicity: yes, you can craft a secure environment where every host is on the Internet. That was, in fact, the way that AWS worked prior to the introduction of VPCs. But it's easier to rely on the VPC to provide a base level of security (just like, in non-cloud deployments, you rely on the corporate firewall to provide a base level of security).
QUESTION
I want to use KVM on Macbook. So what I did to start the kvm is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-18 at 16:11The default QEMU networking type, which is what you're using, is "user-mode" networking. The IP address the guest VM sees in this setup is not visible outside the VM (it's a little bit like the VM being behind a NAT router). So while the guest can connect outwards, you cannot connect in to the guest unless you configure port forwarding on your QEMU command line. (The QEMU wiki page on networking includes an example of the syntax for this for an SSH port.)
If you need the guest to have an IP address that is publicly visible to the rest of the world (including to the host machine) you need to use a different network backend, like "tap"; that's a lot more complicated to set up, though.
QUESTION
How to change the existing GKE cluster to GKE private cluster? Will I be able to connect to the Kubectl API from internet based on firewall rules or should I have a bastion host? I don't want to implement Cloud Nat
or nat gateway
. I have a squid proxy VM that can handle internet access for pods. I just need to be able to connect to Kubectl to apply or modify anything.
I'm unsure how to modify the existing module I wrote to make the nodes private and I'm not sure if the cluster will get deleted if I try and apply the new changes related to private gke cluster.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jan-27 at 12:09Answering the part of the question:
How to change the existing GKE cluster to GKE private cluster?
GKE
setting: Private cluster
is immutable. This setting can only be set during the GKE
cluster provisioning.
To create your cluster as a private one you can either:
- Create a new
GKE
private cluster. - Duplicate existing cluster and set it to private:
- This setting is available in
GCP Cloud Console
->Kubernetes Engine
->CLUSTER-NAME
->Duplicate
- This setting will clone the configuration of your infrastructure of your previous cluster but not the workload (
Pods
,Deployments
, etc.)
- This setting is available in
Will I be able to connect to the Kubectl API from internet based on firewall rules or should I have a bastion host?
Yes, you could but it will heavily depend on the configuration that you've chosen during the GKE
cluster creation process.
As for ability to connect to your GKE
private cluster, there is a dedicated documentation about it:
As for how you can create a private cluster with Terraform, there is the dedicated site with configuration options specific to GKE
. There are also parameters responsible for provisioning a private
cluster:
As for a basic example of creating a private GKE
cluster with Terraform:
main.tf
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