studies | Studies of some open source projects | Model View Controller library
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QUESTION
I am analyzing large (between 0.5 and 20 GB) binary files, which contain information about particle collisions from a simulation. The number of collisions, number of incoming and outgoing particles can vary, so the files consist of variable length records. For analysis I use python and numpy. After switching from python 2 to python 3 I have noticed a dramatic decrease in performance of my scripts and traced it down to numpy.fromfile function.
Simplified code to reproduce the problemThis code, iotest.py
- Generates a file of a similar structure to what I have in my studies
- Reads it using numpy.fromfile
- Reads it using numpy.frombuffer
- Compares timing of both
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-16 at 23:52TL;DR: np.fromfile
and np.frombuffer
are not optimized to read many small buffers. You can load the whole file in a big buffer and then decode it very efficiently using Numba.
The main issue is that the benchmark measure overheads. Indeed, it perform a lot of system/C calls that are very inefficient. For example, on the 24 MiB file, the while
loops calls 601_214 times np.fromfile
and np.frombuffer
. The timing on my machine are 10.5s for read_binary_npfromfile
and 1.2s for read_binary_npfrombuffer
. This means respectively 17.4 us and 2.0 us per call for the two function. Such timing per call are relatively reasonable considering Numpy is not designed to efficiently operate on very small arrays (it needs to perform many checks, call some functions, wrap/unwrap CPython types, allocate some objects, etc.). The overhead of these functions can change from one version to another and unless it becomes huge, this is not a bug. The addition of new features to Numpy and CPython often impact overheads and this appear to be the case here (eg. buffering interface). The point is that it is not really a problem because there is a way to use a different approach that is much much faster (as it does not pay huge overheads).
The main solution to write a fast implementation is to read the whole file once in a big byte buffer and then decode it using np.view
. That being said, this is a bit tricky because of data alignment and the fact that nearly all Numpy function needs to be prohibited in the while loop due to their overhead. Here is an example:
QUESTION
x86_64 has an instruction movdir64b
, which to my understanding is a non-temporal copy (well, at least the store is) of 64 bytes (a cache line). AArch64 seems to have a similar instruction st64b
, which does an atomic store of the same size. However, the official ARMv9 documentation is not clear about whether st64b
, too, is a non-temporal store.
Intel's instruction-set reference documentation for movdir64b
is much more detailed, but I'm not far along enough in my studies to fully understand what each memory type protocol represents.
From what I could deduce so far, the x86_64 instruction movntdq
is roughly equivalent to stnp
, and is write-combining. From that, it seems as if movdir64b
is like four of those in one atomic store, hence my guess about st64b
.
This is almost certainly an oversimplification of what's really going on (and could be wrong/inaccurate, of course), but it's what could deduce so far.
Could st64b
be used as if it were an atomic sequence of four stnp
instructions as a non-temporal write of a cache line in this way?
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-17 at 01:47The ST64B
/ST64BV
/ST64BV0
instructions are intended to efficiently add work items to a work queue of an I/O device that supports this interface. When the target address is mapped to an I/O device, the store is translated as a non-posted write transaction, which means that there has to be a completion message that includes a status code as described in the documentation. The ST64B
instruction simply discards the status code while the other two store it in the register specified by the Xs
operand.
If you look at the pseudocode, these instructions require the target address to be in uncacheable memory:
QUESTION
The data that I have:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-16 at 19:18We could use cur_group_id()
QUESTION
I am making a python script which makes a html table with a list (Without a module), but it keeps printing the entire list in one row instead of wrapping it like I need. My list is data = ['1', '2', '3', ... , '30']
.
Im trying to get it to 5 cells in each row (not counting the side header) but I keep getting the entire list being printed in every row:
Here is a blank table for a bit of reference:
My code,
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-03 at 16:40The loop for element in data:
iterates over the entire dataset for every row. You need to adjust it to run in chunks of size len(days)
, incrementing for each row.
There are a couple of ways of doing that. A complicated way would be to make an iterator that chunks up data
and zip
it with classes.keys
in the outer loop. A much simpler approach would be to maintain a counter between runs of the outer loop:
QUESTION
Lately when using Jupyter Notebook in VS Code to write some assignments for my studies I ran into a quite annoying problem - whenever there is a mistake in my code cell that prevents it from running, the "traceback" (or however you call it) to the place where the error persists is colored with a high-contrast marker (the color depends on the theme used) and makes the content pretty much invisible unless you manually "select" it with the mouse coursor. Is there any way I could fix it without going too much in-depth into VSCode/Jupyter Notebook extension settings?
The highlighting looks like shown below.
I tried all the themes preinstalled with VS Code such as Monokai, Solarized Light etc., and also a custom theme of my choice called Dracula.
Thanks in advance.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-02 at 02:25I also have this problem. It looks like they fixed it less than 1 month ago as of writing this, so it may go away if you update to a recent pre-release of Jupyter in VS Code. Personally, I am going to live with it until the next stable release.
My version of Jupyter in VS Code: Screenshot of Jupyter Versions
Screenshot of vscode-jupyter github: Screenshot of vscode-jupyter github
QUESTION
I am a student in computer science and I am working on a project for my studies. I currently try to develop a component library for the Angular framework using Angular V12. For styling I want to use Tailwindcss (especially because it spares me with working with media queries on some points...). Anyway, when I build the library and test it in another project, no tailwind styles are included.
I know from the tailwind docs, that you can use some directives or functions like @apply in plain scss.
To give you a better understanding on the problem I have linked the github repo to the library's source code for reference.
I have a button component which should have some tailwind styles applied. This is done by specifying a class to the html element called .btn
. This class is defined inside the button.component.scss
file. This file is as well referenced in the button.component.ts
file as styleUrl.
So my question is: How can I fix the issue with the styles not being applied using @apply
inside button.component.scss
?
This is how the styles are defined in button.component.scss
:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-26 at 11:32I found a solution, let's say the component you publish is called ui-components
.
Modify your tailwind config on the parent project (the one using your component) to have something like this:
QUESTION
I have a Python code that is creating HTML Tables and then turning it into a PDF file. This is the output that I am currently getting
This image is taken from PDF File that is being generated as result (and it is zoomed out at 55%)
I want to make this look better. Something similar to this, if I may
This image has 13 columns, I don't want that. I want to keep 5 columns but my major concern is the size of the td
in my HTML files. It is too small in width
and that is why, the text is also very stacked up in each td
. But if you look at the other image, text is much more visible and boxes are much more bigger width wise. Moreover, it doesn't suffer from height problems either (the height of the box is in such a way that it covers the whole of the PDF Page and all the tds
don't look like stretched down
)
I have tried to play around the height and width of my td
in the HTML File, but unfortunately, nothing really seemed to work for me.
Edit: Using the code provided by onkar ruikar
, I was able to achieve very good results. However, it created the same problem that I was facing previously. The question was asked here: Horizontally merge and divide cells in an HTML Table for Timetable based on the Data in Python File
I changed up the template.html
file of mine and then ran the same code. But I got this result,
As you can see, that there were more than one lectures in the First Slot of Monday, and due to that, it overlapped both the courses. It is not reading the
The modified template.html
file has this code,
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-25 at 00:43What I've done here is remove the borders from the table and collapsed the space for them.
I've then used more semantic elements for both table headings and your actual content with semantic class names. This included adding a new element for the elements you want at the bottom of the cell. Finally, the teacher and codes are floated left and right respectively.
QUESTION
I am looking for a way to (cleanly) recode a variable with a range of values into an ordered factor in R tidyverse way. This is an example of what I have:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-21 at 13:33Using cut with labels:
QUESTION
Im trying to stack two words on each other in a single cell in a table, but I couldn't quite find a answer.
Im trying to get something like this,
but I keep getting this,
Here is the line of code - Social Studies
This is meant for a table, and not just a plain line of code. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-20 at 01:39You can use
. A line break. You can view some documentation on it here.
QUESTION
Please note this question is an extension of this previously asked question: How to make Images/PDF of Timetable using Python
I am working on a program that generates randomized Timetable based on an algorithm. For the Final Output of that program, I require a Timetable to be stored in a PDF File.
There are multiple sections and each section must have its own timetable/schedule. Each Section can have multiple Courses whose lectures will be allocated on different slots from Monday to Friday by the algorithm. For my timetable,
- There are 5 days in total (Monday to Friday)
- Each day will have 5 slots (0 to 4 in indexes. With a "Lunch" Break between 3rd and 4th slot)
As an Example, I have created below a dictionary where key represents the Section and the items have a 2D Array of size 5x5. Each Index of that 2D array contains the course details for which the lecture will take place in that slot.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-15 at 06:02I am not much familiar with Jinja, so this answer might not be the most efficient one.
By using basic hard coding in your Template.HTML file, I was able to achieve the results you are trying to. For this, I used the same code that was given by D-E-N
in your previous question.
I combined all the attributes of your object into a string
- An attribute is differentiated from another with
@
(like Course and Teacher) - Instead of using
space character
, I used a_
character to representspace character
in the attributes. - If one slot contains multiple objects, they are differentiated with
space character
(just like in the code provided byD-E-N
)
Here's the updated code of yours with these changes,
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