Eventual | Eventual is an Event Sourcing library for .NET | Microservice library

This is essentially what singletons are there for. That's a value-level witness for a typeclass that gives you access to this (conceptually reduntant) information that every number can in fact be described in the standard form. A minimal implementation:

Go through this doc very carefully: https://firebase.flutter.dev/docs/cli/

Step 1: Install Firebase CLI

Step 2: Install FlutterFire CLI with this command dart pub global activate flutterfire_cli

While doing this you must notice the following warning

Warning: Pub installs executables into C:\Users\PC\AppData\Local\Pub\Cache\bin, which is not on your path. You can fix that by adding that directory to your system's "Path" environment variable. A web search for "configure windows path" will show you how.

This means you need to add C:\Users\*username*\AppData\Local\Pub\Cache\bin into your System's environment path.

Step 3: Now flutterfire configure should work.

If still not working play with Firebase commands

Just stumbled upon the same thing (strange windows upon attempting to refactor some code after updating to Arctic Fox). After a lot of searching around the options/menus/internet this fixed it for me:

Navigate to:

File > Settings... > Editor > Code Editing

under

Refactorings > Specify refactoring options:

select

In modal dialogs

Press OK.

Fingers crossed refactoring works.

🤞

Further step: Restart Android Studio

There's also no meaningful latency benefit to stronger memory orders, even if latency of seeing a change to a keep_running or exit_now flag was important.

IDK why Herb thinks stop.store shouldn't be relaxed; in his talk, his slides have a comment that says // not relaxed on the assignment, but he doesn't say anything about the store side before moving on to "is it worth it".

Of course, the load runs inside the worker loop, but the store runs only once, and Herb really likes to recommend sticking with SC unless you have a performance reason that truly justifies using something else. I hope that wasn't his only reason; I find that unhelpful when trying to understand what memory order would actually be necessary and why. But anyway, I think either that or a mistake on his part.

The ISO C++ standard doesn't say anything about how soon stores become visible or what might influence that, just Section 6.9.2.3 Forward progress

18. An implementation should ensure that the last value (in modification order) assigned by an atomic or synchronization operation will become visible to all other threads in a finite period of time.

Another thread can loop arbitrarily many times before its load actually sees this store value, even if they're both seq_cst, assuming there's no other synchronization of any kind between them. Low inter-thread latency is a performance issue, not correctness / formal guarantee.

And non-infinite inter-thread latency is apparently only a "should" QOI (quality of implementation) issue. :P Nothing in the standard suggests that seq_cst would help on an implementation where store visibility could be delayed indefinitely, although one might guess that could be the case, e.g. on a hypothetical implementation with explicit cache flushes instead of cache coherency. (Although such an implementation is probably not practically usable in terms of performance with CPUs anything like what we have now; every release and/or acquire operation would have to flush the whole cache.)

On real hardware (which uses some form of MESI cache coherency), different memory orders for store or load don't make stores visible sooner in real time, they just control whether later operations can become globally visible while still waiting for the store to commit from the store buffer to L1d cache. (After invalidating any other copies of the line.)

Stronger orders, and barriers, don't make things happen sooner in an absolute sense, they just delay other things until they're allowed to happen relative to the store or load. (This is the case on all real-world CPUs AFAIK; they always try to make stores visible to other cores ASAP anyway, so the store buffer doesn't fill up, and

See also (my similar answers on):

• Does hardware memory barrier make visibility of atomic operations faster in addition to providing necessary guarantees?
• If I don't use fences, how long could it take a core to see another core's writes?
• memory_order_relaxed and visibility
• Thread synchronization: How to guarantee visibility of writes (it's a non-issue on current real hardware)

The second Q&A is about x86 where commit from the store buffer to L1d cache is in program order. That limits how far past a cache-miss store execution can get, and also any possible benefit of putting a release or seq_cst fence after the store to prevent later stores (and loads) from maybe competing for resources. (x86 microarchitectures will do RFO (read for ownership) before stores reach the head of the store buffer, and plain loads normally compete for resources to track RFOs we're waiting for a response to.) But these effects are extremely minor in terms of something like exiting another thread; only very small scale reordering.

because who cares if the thread stops with a slightly bigger delay.

More like, who cares if the thread gets more work done by not making loads/stores after the load wait for the check to complete. (Of course, this work will get discarded if it's in the shadow of a a mis-speculated branch on the load result when we eventually load true.) The cost of rolling back to a consistent state after a branch mispredict is more or less independent of how much already-executed work had happened beyond the mispredicted branch. And it's a stop flag so the total amount of wasted work costing cache/memory bandwidth for other CPUs is pretty minimal.

That phrasing makes it sound like an acquire load or release store would actually get the the store seen sooner in absolute real time, rather than just relative to other code in this thread. (Which is not the case).

The benefit is more instruction-level and memory-level parallelism across loop iterations when the load produces a false. And simply avoiding running extra instructions on ISAs where an acquire or especially an SC load needs extra instructions, especially expensive 2-way barrier instructions, not like ARM64 ldapr.

BTW, Herb is right that the dirty flag can also be relaxed, only because of the thread.join sync between the reader and any possible writer. Otherwise yeah, release / acquire.

But in this case, dirty only needs to be atomic<> at all because of possible simultaneous writers all storing the same value, which ISO C++ still deems data-race UB. e.g. because of the theoretical possibility of hardware race-detection that traps on conflicting non-atomic accesses.

You could use the function developed here to get all possible matrices of dim 5x4, and then filter by the number of 1s using sum.

This is legal.

The rule of thumb is that everything that depends on template parameters is checked when the template is instantiated. Everything else is either checked when the template is first seen, or when it's instantiated (e.g. MSVC tends to check everything late, and Clang tends to do it as early as possible).

When exactly does segmentation fault happen (=when is SIGSEGV sent)?

When you attempt to access memory you don’t have access to, such as accessing an array out of bounds or dereferencing an invalid pointer. The signal SIGSEGV is standardized but different OS might implement it differently. "Segmentation fault" is mainly a term used in *nix systems, Windows calls it "access violation".

Why is the process in undefined behavior state after that point?

Because one or several of the variables in the program didn’t behave as expected. Let’s say you have some array that is supposed to store a number of values, but you didn’t allocate enough room for all them. So only those you allocated room for get written correctly, and the rest written out of bounds of the array can hold any values. How exactly is the OS to know how critical those out of bounds values are for your application to function? It knows nothing of their purpose.

Furthermore, writing outside allowed memory can often corrupt other unrelated variables, which is obviously dangerous and can cause any random behavior. Such bugs are often hard to track down. Stack overflows for example are such segmentation faults prone to overwrite adjacent variables, unless the error was caught by protection mechanisms.

If we look at the behavior of "bare metal" microcontroller systems without any OS and no virtual memory features, just raw physical memory - they will just silently do exactly as told - for example, overwriting unrelated variables and keep on going. Which in turn could cause disastrous behavior in case the application is mission-critical.

Why is it not recoverable?

Because the OS doesn’t know what your program is supposed to be doing.

Though in the "bare metal" scenario above, the system might be smart enough to place itself in a safe mode and keep going. Critical applications such as automotive and med-tech aren’t allowed to just stop or reset, as that in itself might be dangerous. They will rather try to "limp home" with limited functionality.

Why does this solution avoid that unrecoverable state? Does it even?

That solution is just ignoring the error and keeps on going. It doesn’t fix the problem that caused it. It’s a very dirty patch and setjmp/longjmp in general are very dangerous functions that should be avoided for any purpose.

We have to realize that a segmentation fault is a symptom of a bug, not the cause.

I think the correct solution should look something like this:

I have such a solution. And I'm surprised myself that I used two loops for!! Incredibly, I did it. First things first.

My proposal is based on a simplification. However, the mistake you will make at short distances will be relatively small. But the time gain is huge!

Well, I propose to count the distance in Cartesian coordinates, not spherical.

So we're going to need a simple function that computes the Cartesian coordinates based on the two arguments latitude and longitude. Here is our LatLong2Cart feature.